Fridge‑free vaccines could reach more people, but there are still practical challenges in African settings

Keeping vaccines and medicines at the right temperature is critical for their efficacy and safety. But this is an often overlooked part of getting them to the people who need them. In April 2025, the U.K. biotechnology company Stablepharma began the first human trial of a tetanus-diphtheria vaccine designed to remain stable without refrigeration. The development has renewed interest in technologies that could do the job, particularly in places where electricity, transport and storage infrastructure are limited. We spoke to immunization experts Charles Shey Wiysonge and Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja about this.

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