Early MS treatments differ most in relapses and MRI lesions, not disability

For people recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), early treatment choices were associated with only slight differences after two years, based on the first treatment they used, according to a study published Sept. 9, 2026, in Neurology Open Access. The study found that B-cell-depleting therapies, which are given through an infusion in a vein and lower the number of B cells, a type of immune cell that can play a role in MS, were associated with lower relapse rates and reduced MRI lesion volume compared with oral therapies. While some treatments were associated with fewer relapses and MRI changes, researchers found no differences in disability scores after two years. The study does not prove that one treatment strategy causes better outcomes than another; it only shows associations.

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